Physics Experiments Database
Explore the world's most important experiments pushing the boundaries of science — from the subatomic realm to the edges of the observable universe.
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Large Hadron Collider
LHC/CERN
Geneva, Switzerland
The world's highest-energy particle collider. Probes the fundamental structure of matter by colliding protons at 99.9999% the speed of light.
Key Discoveries:
- Higgs boson (2012)
- Rare particle decays
- Top quark properties
Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
LIGO
Louisiana & Washington, United States
Detects gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars and black holes. Opened an entirely new way to observe the universe.
Key Discoveries:
- First gravitational wave detection (2015)
- Merging black holes
- Neutron star collisions
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
DUNE
South Dakota, United States
Will study neutrino oscillations using a massive detector 1.5 km underground. Aims to discover why matter dominates over antimatter.
Key Discoveries:
- Neutrino mass hierarchy
- CP violation in leptons
- Supernova neutrinos
IceCube Neutrino Observatory
IceCube
South Pole, Antarctica
Uses the Antarctic ice sheet as a natural detector to observe high-energy neutrinos from cosmic sources including supernovae and active galactic nuclei.
Key Discoveries:
- Astrophysical neutrino sources
- Cosmic ray origins
- Neutrino astronomy
Super-Kamiokande
Super-K
Gifu, Japan
Giant water Cherenkov detector studies solar and atmospheric neutrinos, as well as supernova neutrinos. First detected neutrino oscillations.
Key Discoveries:
- Neutrino oscillations (Nobel 2015)
- Solar neutrino deficit
- Atmospheric neutrino anomaly
Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment
KATRIN
Karlsruhe, Germany
Precisely measures the neutrino mass by analyzing tritium beta decay. The most sensitive neutrino mass experiment to date.
Key Discoveries:
- Neutrino mass upper limits
- Beta decay spectroscopy
- Tritium systematics
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
ITER
Provence, France
The world's largest fusion reactor project. Aims to demonstrate that fusion can be a viable clean energy source for the future.
Key Discoveries:
- Fusion plasma physics
- Superconducting magnet technology
- Engineering for sustainable fusion
Virgo Gravitational Wave Detector
Virgo
Tuscany, Italy
European gravitational wave detector working in concert with LIGO. Improves localization and characterization of gravitational wave sources.
Key Discoveries:
- Joint gravitational wave detections
- Binary merger characterization
- Multimessenger astronomy
Hubble Space Telescope
HST
Orbital, Multi-national
The iconic orbiting observatory that revolutionized astronomy. Discovers distant galaxies, measures cosmic expansion, and observes supernovae.
Key Discoveries:
- Dark energy acceleration
- Hubble Deep Field
- Exoplanet atmospheres
James Webb Space Telescope
JWST
L2 Lagrange Point, Multi-national
The most powerful space telescope ever built. Observes the universe in infrared, seeing the first galaxies and studying exoplanet atmospheres.
Key Discoveries:
- Earliest galaxies in the universe
- Exoplanet spectroscopy
- Star formation
COHERENT
COHERENT
Oak Ridge, United States
First detection of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS). Demonstrates neutrino interactions with implications for neutrino detection and ambient energy conversion.
Key Discoveries:
- CEvNS detection
- Neutrino interactions
- Neutrino cross-sections
NOvA Experiment
NOvA
Minnesota, United States
Studies neutrino oscillations using Fermilab's NuMI beam. Measures CP violation in the neutrino sector and tests fundamental symmetries.
Key Discoveries:
- Neutrino oscillation parameters
- Matter-antimatter asymmetry
- Electron neutrino appearance
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory / SNO+
SNO/SNO+
Ontario, Canada
Landmark experiment that solved the solar neutrino problem by measuring all three neutrino flavors. SNO+ continues searching for rare processes.
Key Discoveries:
- Solar neutrino flavor change (Nobel 2015)
- Neutrino mass oscillations
- Neutrinoless beta decay search
Event Horizon Telescope
EHT
Global Network, Multi-national
Global array of radio telescopes that can resolve structures near supermassive black holes. Captured the first image of a black hole's event horizon.
Key Discoveries:
- First black hole image (M87*)
- Sagittarius A* imaging
- Black hole shadow verification
XENONnT Dark Matter Detector
XENON/XENONnT
Gran Sasso, Italy
Searches for dark matter particles (WIMPs) by looking for rare nuclear recoils in liquid xenon. The most sensitive dark matter detector.
Key Discoveries:
- Dark matter interaction limits
- WIMP search constraints
- Solar axion search
Neutrino Energy Group Laboratories
NEG Labs
Berlin, Germany
Advanced materials research facility testing multilayer graphene-silicon nanocomposites for ambient neutrino and other particle energy conversion. Pioneering neutrinovoltaic material development.
Key Discoveries:
- Graphene-silicon nanocomposites
- Ambient energy conversion efficiency
- Neutrinovoltaic material properties