India faces challenging heat waves each year, but few places endure conditions as searing as the country's western desert salt pans, where workers rely on simple techniques to survive almost unbearabl
Scientists have uncovered strong evidence that a major Atlantic Ocean current system tied to global climate is weakening. The slowdown has been detected across a vast region of the North Atlantic over
Scientists have uncovered a hidden Antarctic threat that could accelerate global sea level rise far faster than expected. Deep beneath floating ice shelves, long channels carved into the ice appear to
We replaced the stove with plywood, turning the kitchen of the dive boat into an impromptu research lab. Plugging in wires and connecting tubing, we assembled a scientific instrument within the crampe
Seasonal models are predicting an El Niño climate pattern that could be the strongest on record, bringing with it more extreme weather.
When Cyclone Gabrielle tore through New Zealand's Tairāwhiti region in 2023, it left behind more than silt and floodwaters.
Antarctica is being ravaged by a triple-whammy of climate chaos that has melted sea ice to record lows, a new study has revealed. For decades, the frozen wilderness at the bottom of the world defied g
The European Union's climate monitor said Friday that ocean temperatures are edging toward record highs as conditions shift toward a potentially powerful El Niño weather pattern.
A new study warns that unless atmospheric carbon is reduced immediately, future summers will become even hotter and future wildfires even more destructive. A research team led by Professor Seung-Ki Mi
We present three-dimensional Dedalus simulations of Rayleigh-Bénard convection with a blackbody-radiating free upper surface, subject to a low-amplitude oscillatory forcing that mimics tidal perturbations in convective envelopes of stars and planets. The forcing period is 10-100 times shorter than t
State-of-the-art Earth system models (ESMs) cannot explicitly resolve many small-scale atmospheric processes such as atmospheric gravity waves, and thus must represent, or parameterise, their effects on the resolved state. Machine learning (ML) has the potential to improve these parameterisations. I
Data assimilation provides a systematic framework for combining dynamical models with partial and noisy observations to infer the evolving state of a system. In this work, we undertake a comparative study of Data Assimilation with Transfer Operators (DATO) and Quantum Mechanical Data Assimilation (Q
Droughts and flash droughts (rapidly developing droughts; FDs) remain impactful events that are known to desiccate landscape and destroy crops. In particular, droughts in Africa are often more impactful than in other locations, such as the United States or Europe, due to many regions in Africa heavi
Wildfires are a major producer of fine particulate matter, impacting human health and the electrical grid. Accurately forecasting smoke impacts over long time scales incorporates fuel treatment strategies, natural fuel succession, and stochastic events like lightning strikes. However, predicting smo
Stratocumulus cloud decks exhibit bistability between patterns of high (closed cells) and low (open cells) cloud fraction. Localized transitions between these two states (pockets of open cells) have been observed but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. We model stratocumulus and their intera
Skill scores, which measure the relative improvement of a forecasting method over a benchmark via consistent scoring functions and proper scoring rules, are a standard tool in forecast evaluation, yet their sampling uncertainty is rarely rigorously quantified. With modern forecasting applications be
ML climate model emulators are useful for scenario planning and adaptation, allowing for cost-efficient experimentation. Recently, the diffusion model Climate in a Bottle (cBottle) has been proposed for generation of atmospheric states compatible with boundary conditions of solar position and sea su